What grape variety is primarily used in the production of Muscadet wine?

Muscadet wine is primarily produced from the Melon de Bourgogne grape variety. This grape is specifically well-suited for the cool climate of the Loire Valley in France, where Muscadet is made. Melon de Bourgogne contributes to the wine's characteristic freshness and high acidity, which are essential traits of Muscadet. The wine is typically vinified in a manner that accentuates these qualities, including fermentation on the lees to enhance texture and complexity.

In contrast, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, and Riesling are distinct grape varieties that are used in other wine styles and regions. While Chardonnay is known for its versatility and is widely planted across the globe, it does not play a role in Muscadet production. Sauvignon Blanc, although popular in nearby regions like Sancerre and Pouilly-Fumé, is not the base for Muscadet, while Riesling is primarily associated with Germany and other cooler wine regions. Thus, Melon de Bourgogne is the defining variety for Muscadet, making it the correct choice for this question.